A mesoscale convective system occurred over eastern China in 2019 was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) in order to investigate the effects of aerosols from anthropogenic emission on the macro-and microstructure and evolution of cloud system, as well as the wet scavenging effect of cloud and precipitation processes on aerosols. Results show that surface precipitation weakened during the study period due to enhanced pollutants, and condensation and deposition suppressed, resulting in reduced vertical velocity in the convective core area, which ultimately suppresses the development of convection. The mass concentrations of raindrops, ice crystals, snow, and graupel below 12 km of altitude all decreased except for cloud droplets. The analysis of the source-sink terms for the mass concentrations of rain, snow, and graupel reveals that the decrease in rainwater content is mainly due to the inhibition of the melting of graupel and collection of cloud droplets by raindrops. The dominant microphysical processes leading to the decrease in snow and graupel mixing ratio are related to the supercooled water content. The peak heights of the weakening of these microphysical processes corresponded well to the ones of the reduction in the mass concentration of hydrometeors. The enhancement or inhibition of cloud microphysical processes acts on the removal of activated aerosol. The analysis of removal characteristics of cloud droplet (activated aerosol) during the study period reveals that the number of scavenged cloud droplet increases, but the scavenging rate decreases in the polluted case. The difference in the scavenging rate is mainly attributed to the collection of cloud droplets by raindrops. The increasing removal amount in the polluted case is due to its larger cloud droplet number concentration, which removes more cloud droplets even though the scavenging rate is lower. The mass and number concentration of raindrops decreased, but the number of cloud droplets consumed by collection process increased in the pollution case.