Using the national aircraft report data in the summer of 2016-2018, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of China's aircraft report and their differences with ECWMF reanalysis data were statistically analyzed. Results show that aircraft report data is a good supplement for high-altitude observations. In the summer of 2016 to 2018, China's daily message can reach 50 000. Affected by flights, the geographical distribution varies greatly and has obvious daily variation characteristics. On the vertical distribution,the number of messages during takeoff, landing and level flight stage is large, accounting for nearly 60% of the total number. After the quality control of aircraft report data, it was found that the excluded data are mostly repetitive data, and is mainly caused by takeoffs and landings of 0-2 km aircraft near the ground. Comparing the post-QC control data with ECMMF reanalysis data, there is a good spatial consistency between them. Deviation statistics show that the temperature observed by AMDAR was 1-2 ℃ lower than that of the ECMWF reanalysis data, and the deviation increased with altitude.Further statistical results show that the root mean square error between the two is close to 2 ℃ below 8 km, and about 3 ℃ above 8 km, little change is affected by wind speed. From the comparison of wind direction and wind speed, AMDAR observation can better conform to the unbiased normal distribution compared with ECMWF reanalysis data. The root mean square error of wind direction does not change much with the height, and with the increase of wind speed, when the wind speed is greater than 10 m·s^-1, the deviation is below 21°. The average deviation of wind speed is close to 1 m·s^-1, and the root mean square error does not change much with height, but increases with the increase of wind speed.